Dad’s War: The Prequel

Dad’s War: The Prequel, follows from “Dad was the ‘D’ in D-Day”. Here he’s in China during the Sino-Japanese War of the late 1930s and, by way of warning, some of the photos are pretty grim. This post is split in two parts.

The Lancashire Fusiliers had already been in business for 245 years by the time my father, Wilfred Anthony Dorsey, joined the ranks at the end of March 1933.
As recorded at the Regimental Museum in Bury, they’d been throwing British muscle around since 1688, when they were known as “Peyton’s Own” and went on to do Battle at the Boyne. Regrouped as the 20th Fuseliers, they laid seige to Limerick and captured Athlone, held Gibraltar during the 15 Years War and tackled Bonny Prince Charlie at the Battle of Culloden, fought in the Seven Years’ War, then on the Plains of Abraham to secure Canada for Britain, and then further south to lose America to the Americans, with General Burgoyne’s 20th Foot captured at Saratoga and imprisoned for five fruitless years.
All of this took place before the 20th’s first recruitment in Lancashire, in 1797, but with the northerners on board, they met Napoleon, victoriously at the Battle of Maida. There followed the 1812 war with America, the Peninsula War, the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny.
On July 1, 1881, the regiment became the 20th Lancashire Fusiliers. The next big fight came in 1898, relieving Khartoum, and that was followed by the Boer War and World War I, with its dreadful Gallipoli fiasco, where the Fusiliers earned “six Victoria Crosses before breakfast”.
The regiment makes a large deal of the fact that JRR Tolkien, the author of “The Lord of the Rings”, served in its ranks, though it could care less that Ian McKellen, who played Gandalf in the movie trilogy, hails from Burnley, my original hometown in Lancashire. But the main crowing is about James Wolfe and the Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley), its former commanders, neither one a northerner.
None of these chaps ever served in China either, like my father did.

I am far from the first person to wonder why so little is commonly known about the Chinese episode in British military history, but it’s been suggested that the story is so complicated that retelling it is daunting. Perhaps it’s also too shameful.
The UK Army was in China because of British greed, plain and simple. Colonialism was all about sucking foreign countries dry before they knew what hit them, and inevitably there were backlashes that had to be tamed with the weight of heavy arms.
In the late 19th century the British controlled treaty-yielded “concessions” in Tientsin (now known as Tianjin), Shanghai and Wei Hai Wei. The last was abandoned in 1931, the others in 1940 when the Japanese made their defence too costly. Hong Kong, of course, had its own fabled drama with Britain that dragged on until 1997.
When young men signed up for a stint in the army, most of them were heading someplace a lot warmer than England — the Middle East, India, Africa, Singapore or China.

My father enlisted in the 1st Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers on March 30, 1933, underwent two years’ training at Catterick and Colchester, during part of which time he was evidently in the transport service.
And then, on either November 12 or December 12, 1935, depending on the source, the entire battalion boarded HMT (Hired Military Transport) Dorsetshire at Southampton and sailed off into the Atlantic. The photo of the ship here comes from S/Sgt George Albert Davies’ page at Lancs-Fusiliers.co.uk.

The HMT Dorsetshire, I discover, is not to be confused with the HMS Dorsetshire, which had a hand in sinking the German battleship Bismarck in 1941 and was itself sent to the bottom by Japanese dive bombers off Ceylon the following year.
The steam ship and troop carrier my father was on became a hospital ship during World War II but was still taking British soldiers to the Far East as late as 1953, the year before it was scrapped.
In the course of six weeks Dad and his mates rounded Gibraltar, crossed the Mediterranean and threaded the Suez Canal from Port Said. There were calls at Aden, Colombo, Singapore and Hong Kong before reaching, on January 20, 1936, Shanghai — or as Dad always referred to it, “Shang-guy”. The photo below of the disembarking is from this page on the Fuseliers alumni website.
It would appear from the few records we have that they docked at Shanghai, but other accounts, both British and American, have troops landing elsewhere, on the shore of the Gulf of Chihli (now Zhili) and moving by train inland to Tientsin and Peking. Many Yanks stepped off the boat at Chinwangtao (Qinhuangdao) and had a six-hour, 167-mile journey on the Peking-Mukden Railroad southwest to Tientsin.

But many troops were indeed stationed in Shang-guy. The port city had long had a Shanghai Volunteer Corps, but even by 1932, when the Japanese troops rolled in, it only had 1,500 British, American and French men guarding the foreign settlements. The Japanese shoved, but the volunteers managed to hold them back — until Pearl Harbor changed everything. There’s more!





















